The Lgbt Community And Its Own Unique Culture Essay

Before starting my research on the LGBT community and it’s own unique culture, I didn’t know too much about it. All I knew was that I myself was very accepting of it and was in no way judgemental of anyone who felt that they belonged in that community. Little did I know that the term â€Å"LGBT† has grown to include other categories. According to Mardell (2016), â€Å"LGBTQIA+: Stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual/aromantic, and plus for other identities that are not straight and/or not cisgender.† Something that I realized rather quickly into my research is that our culture doesn’t have much knowledge of the LGBT community and leads people to form inaccurate and hurtful ideas due mostly to media’s depictions of the LGBT community. I’d like to first start out by discussing the history of this community and how much it has progressed. Parker (2016) explains that the earliest records against homosexuals began back in Hebrew writings and through the Middle Ages. When Christian laws began to be implemented, homosexuality was banned and declared as illegal. Anyone found engaging in these acts would be burned alive in front of everyone to see. Acts of homosexuality were punishable by death starting in 1534 and it remained this way until 1861. The earliest research on sexual behavior started back before the 19th century by European scientists, Sigmund Freud and Magnus Hirschfeld. Not until after World War II did the United StatesShow MoreRelatedThe Cultural Considerations Involved With Counseling The Lgbt Community1020 Words   |  5 Pages Counseling the LGBT Community Yvette Morales University of the Incarnate Word August 2014 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore various considerations when counseling members of the lesbian, bisexual, gay and transgender community (LGBT). When counseling LGBT members, the psychology professional must be aware of various factors that may influence effective treatment. For instance, the historical treatment of the LGBT community by the mental health profession is importantRead MoreDeaf : The Deaf Community1351 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a Deaf community within nearly every community in America. Spanning across the country, this community overlaps with many other minority groups. There is a Deaf community within nearly every minority group not only in America, but worldwide. According to DeafQueer.org, the Deaf LGBT community is a community is a minority within a minority, making up ten percent of the Deaf community, or 2.8 million people. Although they span many races, classes, and sexualities, Deaf LGBT people tend toRead MoreLGBT Community and Discrimination.1291 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one hears the words â€Å"LGBT† and â€Å"Homosexuality† it often conjures up a mental picture of people fighting for their rights, which were unjustly taken away or even the social emergence of gay culture in the world in the1980s and the discovery of AIDS. However, many people do not know that the history of LGBT people stretches as far back in humanity’s history, and continues in this day and age. Nevertheless, the LGBT community today faces much discrimination and adversity. Many think the problemRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Paris Is Burning 1628 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween them and black members of the LGBT community. From the anecdotes given by the individuals in the film, Black America was certainly not welcoming to black lgbt people. In order to survive and cope with their alienation from the black community, queer black men had created safe spaces where they could really live and be their authentic selves without having to face rejection and/or risking their personal safety. From these safe spaces emerged a new culture. â€Å"Paris Is Burning† explores the mainRead MoreLgbt Individuals Access And Experiences With Their Identity1490 Words   |  6 PagesLGBT individuals access and experiences with services may be affected by their identity. Fredrikesen-Goldsen et al. (2014) stated, â€Å"In addition to discrimination in the larger society, LGBT older adults experience both overt and covert discrimination in health and human service settings. Discrimination within healthcare systems is a significant predictor of poor mental and physical health† (p. 93). In addition, due to ag eism and heterosexism older LGBT individuals have less resources and servicesRead MoreThe Activity Dawn Chose For This Assignment Was To Take1733 Words   |  7 Pagesfun! The cost of the bingo was $20 and included a package of twenty pages of bingo cards with nine cards per page, special bingos can also be purchased for an additional dollar, refreshments were also available for purchase or you could bring your own which is what Dawn and her attendees chose to do. Gay to straight, young or old fashioned, veteran or newcomer, everyone enjoys an excellent game of Drag Bingo! You don’t have to be gay to play! Drag Bingo promises to be a night of irreverent humorRead MoreReligion Based Laws And Islamic Law Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesIslamic law intertwine. With this being said, all homosexual conduct is criminalized in Northern countries such as Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Libya. â€Å"Morality laws,† which are religion-based laws, tremendously limit the freedom of expression of LGBT individuals (â€Å"Sexual Orientation Laws In The World – Overview†). People are detained for infraction of Islamic values. They are often harassed, arrested, and tortured (e.g. whipped, beaten, burned) whether for a confession or simply as punishment.Read MoreLgbt Training Programs For Healthcare1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, are a vulnerable population with spec ific healthcare needs. Throughout their lives they have encountered maltreatment, discrimination and have significant health disparities because of their sexual orientation. Many have been isolated or alienated from their families and do not have any children to care for them. Now this vulnerable population must succumb to care from clinics, hospitals, and long term facilities that may not beRead MoreEducation Is The Most Vital Factor For Achieving Upward Social Mobility1164 Words   |  5 Pagesplethora of power outages which caused some of the students to attend school in the dark and cold or even not at all. Also, the â€Å"Walk-Zone† rule that Seattle Public Schools have placed requires students who live 2.5 miles of their school to provide their own transportation to school. These students face negative consequences on their attendance and tardy rates because they do not have the same opportunity as other privileged neighborhoods. One of the reasons being for why this a rea does not get funded isRead MoreThemes Of Immigration Issues937 Words   |  4 Pagesthat a condition exists that threatens the quality of their lives and their values, and they agree that something should be done to remedy that condition.† One of the social problems that intrest me is immigration issues as I deal with this in my own life. The empirical method analzyes any issues in a structured and unbiased way. The phenomenon in this case is immigration. Should we welcome more people or should we kick them out? What issues does immigration cause and or solve? Who should be

A Reflection On Teaching Philosophy - 961 Words

A teaching philosophy statement is a document that educators prepare to express their personal ideas regarding the teaching role. Often used as part of the application packet for an academic position and in teaching portfolios for tenure and promotion reviews, teaching philosophy statements allow educators to reflect on their teaching practices and validate their success in teaching. Teaching philosophies can guide academic nurse educators by ensuring that they are using varied pedagogies that stimulate critical thinking and that the education they provide meets nursing’s standards of practice (Felicilda-Reynaldo, Rhea Faye D., and Rose Utley, 2015)). As a nurse educator I want to make a positive connection with students to inspire them to provide excellent care and knowledge to their patients. I want them to realize the sky is the limit for nurses, where career ladders are tall in this profession, and how satisfying this career can be. The values I believe are important within my nurse educator practice include quality care, trust, autonomy, advocacy, accountability, knowledge, and inquiry. Inquiry is the process of seeking, developing, and applying knowledge. I believe students need to possess a sense of inquiry for learning to occur. Inquiry develops essential critical thinking and problem solving skills which are required for a successful nursing practice. Nurse educators should instruct and model the importance of ethical and legal professional accountability.Show MoreRelatedReflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 Pages1. Within Sports Coaching Literature, it has been established that reflection is a generic term for intellectual and effective activities, in which individuals examine their experiences, in order to develop new understanding and intrapersonal appreciation (Knowles, et al., 2006). Research in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coaching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). This reflective report shall discuss, analyse andRead MoreThe Role Of A Teaching Philosophy Statement1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of a Teaching Philosophy Statement (TPS) Personal development is one aspect of gaining new information to enhance skills, abilities and overall knowledge. The development of a TPS, is a personal analysis of general concepts of teaching, learning, observations and experiences, transferred into the learning environment (Caukin, 2017). Consequently, the statement is intimate, insightful, with an inclusion of personal views of the aspects of teaching, foundation of learning, in addition toRead MoreTeaching Philosophy and Rationale1001 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1: Teaching Philosophy and Rationale In designing a teaching philosophy and rationale, it is important to recognise at the outset that students or learners have different abilities, needs, cultural backgrounds and learning styles. Positive attitudes are sustained when classroom approaches centre on learning and not on teaching. For them to acquire knowledge and skills, they like to be engaged and encouraged where they partake in the processes of their learning despite their cultural diversitiesRead More Teaching From A Design Perspective Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching From A Design Perspective Developing a philosophy of education is more than asserting a love of wisdom in the theory and practice of teaching. It may be heartening to feel, but it lacks backbone. For a philosophy to have weight and merit, it needs truth, logical strength, and soundness. (Hughes 19) My philosophy of education asserts the following premises that if we teach: learning as relational; creativity as skill; and knowledge as design; then, we create an instructional approach thatRead MoreMy Reflection On My Philosophy933 Words   |  4 PagesMy teaching philosophy is a reflection of my passion for providing all students with the tools necessary to not only succeed in school but also out in the real world. My passion is a reflection of my experiences as a student and now as a future secondary mathematics educator. From my experiences, I have been able to determine that my teaching philosophy entails three tenets. Students should be ready for the world, no two learners are the same and a great teacher can inspire a student to do the impossibleRead MoreA Personal Philosophy Of Education Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesA Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction â€Å"Being reflective involves thinking about what one is doing, and why, before, during, and after the act of doing it (Sweitzer, 2003 p.264). I believe self-knowledge of the professor is critical for meaningful learning to occur. Self-knowledge through reflection allows the professor to embrace teaching through the eyes of a scholar; thus providing a diverse learning environment supporting engagement and motivation of the learner. This paper describesRead MoreCurriculum Development618 Words   |  3 PagesAs an emerging educator the education philosophy embraced will have great impact on the teaching and learning process, beliefs about students, beliefs about knowledge concepts as well as the belief about what is worth knowing. This is so, as each of us perception or the construct of our education philosophy differs as the source may be stemming from differing schools of thought. According to Wiles Bondi, major philosophies of life and education have traditionally been defi ned by three criteria;Read MorePhilosophical Position Paper : Personal Philosophy1527 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophical Position Paper Lori Riley Liberty University â€Æ' Abstract It is my personal philosophy that we are each shaped by our own life experiences. God has created each one to be unique and special. â€Å"I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; your works are wonderful, I know that full well† (Psalm 139:14, NIV). God has plans for each and every one of us. We are also shaped by the interactions that with have with each person in our lives, as well as, events that we each livedRead MoreMy Reflection On My Philosophy1085 Words   |  5 Pages I hope to have an impact on my future students, and this part of my teaching philosophy can be tied into my practicum experience. As a volunteer in a kindergarten classroom at St. John Elementary I have had the opportunity to learn from teachers and students from a different background than my own. I hope that by taking time to work with these students I am making a difference in their academic success. My teaching philosophy is that education is the means to a successful life, and as a teacherRead MoreCritical Reflection Is Essential For Developing An Adaptive Pedagogy1112 Words   |  5 PagesCritical reflection is essential for developing an adaptive pedagogy in that critical reflection encourages the sharing of knowledge, skills and experiences. Furthermore, critical reflective practice is a form of ongoing learning that involves engaging with questions of philosophy, ethics and practice. Additionally, documenting the daily events in the ECE sector is an important aspect of being a professional and are a compulsory requirement for meeting the NCAC (2005) guidelines for high quality

Cultural Interview Free Essays

My cultural interview was with a coworker, 28 years of age and of Hispanic descent. While conducting the interview I learned a lot about the Hispanic culture. Many Hispanics like to be called Latino (a). We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Interview or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some do not like to be referred to as Mexican when they are from other countries other than Mexico. Hispanics also use slang within their culture just like African Americans. Within the culture the male is the dominant figure in the household. All the decisions that affect the family go through the father. If there is no father in the house, the oldest son fulfills that role. The older son may drop out of school so that they may assist the mother at the house in the absence of the father. Many Hispanics usually marry fairly young and start to raise a family. When they get older they usually do not marry, but live together like husband and wife. The average number of members within the family is 7 including the mother and father. The mother is usually the caregiver and stays home to look after the children. The oldest daughter steps in and helps the mother out whenever she can. The grandparents are considered the second mom and dad. Their cousins are regarded as an extension of their siblings. My interviewee has 2 brothers who she is very close to. If her brothers tell her to do something even at age 28 she really makes sure she follows their directives. Her mother is divorced from her father, but he still plays an active part in her and her brothers’ life. The relationship between the mother and father is still very close even though they are not married. The relationship between the mother’s new boyfriend and ex- husband is very cordial and respectful in an attempt to maintain a loving and positive environment for their family. The Hispanic family is outgoing and likes to have fun. Usually they have many gathering and invite friends, family and extended members to these functions. Drinking is considered a social event at these gatherings. My interviewee felt that her family was similar to other families within the Hispanic culture. Their family got together every opportunity they could. They had many traditional things they did as a family such as a gathering of family every year for her grandmother’s death, but as a celebration. Every year on Christmas Eve her family would also draw together to exchange gifts at different relative’s ouses. The interviewee stated this became a tradition for her family because the married people in the family had to attend festivities at their spouses’ relatives. English and Spanish are both spoken in the Hispanics households. The majority of the older members of the family only speak Spanish. My interviewee stated that she did not know how to speak Span ish, but her mother did and fluently. She stated that her mother has always told her that she needed to know Spanish because that was her heritage, but she never felt it very necessary. The Hispanic culture celebrates the coming of age which is called a 15 or Quinceaneras. The Quinceanernas is usually a big production for the girls. The girls have escorts and dress in a formal type ballroom dress and have many of her friends and relatives there for the celebration. My interviewee stated that she did not have a Quinceaneras because she did not really get into it. She also stated that she got pregnant and did not want her parents to spend all that money for the celebration. The boys on the other hand do not go all out with this type of celebration, but instead celebrate at their homes with friends. The Hispanic view of interracial dating is different amongst the households. Generally speaking, the oldest members of the family do not agree with interracial marriages and are very protective. The younger generation feels you should be happy and it does not matter the ethnicity of the person. If they are involved in an interracial relationship then they gravitate more to one type of ethnicity. My interviewee stated that she dated mostly African Americans. She also stated that her family was a little reluctant to this situation, but eventually came around as long as she was happy. Even though one of her brothers was friends with the guy, he was also hesitant for her to date the African American guy. She stated when her brother really realized that she really like the guy he was okay with it. She stated her family was really only concerned with her happiness and well- being, thus making it okay to look past color. This culture believes in working for a living. Hispanics are hard workers and will do whatever it takes to supply their family needs. My interviewee stated that her father worked in a printing company and he has worked their since he was 17 years old. She stated her mother did not have to work, but instead stayed home and was a housewife. Hispanics have longitivity within their career. The common field for these workers is construction workers. Hispanic men are known to do jobs that involve manual labor, such as cutting lawns, automobile mechanic, or laying tile. The Hispanic women are known to do domestic type work, such as babysitting, maid service, or food service. Education is very important to the Hispanic culture even though many do not go on to complete higher education. The younger siblings are pushed to get a good education by their older brothers and sisters. The younger generation sometime have an â€Å"I don’t care â€Å"mind frame and don’t put forth the effort into their education. They either devote their time to going to school or working to provide for the family. My interviewee did go on to college to pursue a career in education. She did not complete this endeavor because she needed to get a job to help support her child. Her brothers and mother continued to support her in her decisions, but preferred her to continue on with her education. The predominant religion within the Hispanic culture is Roman Catholic. Within this religion they must confess their sins to priest and go to confessionals. The members of this religion attend church on Sunday’s as well as other times throughout the week. During their church services, food is served before and after the service. My interviewee stated that she does attend services, but not on a regular basis. Religion is very important to her family despite the fact that she does not attend consistently. The person I interviewed felt that within her culture it is important to be successful and be respectful. To some degree this expectation is followed because many own their own businesses. They also are very close-knit and have respect for each other because of their race. She was most proud of the fact that they stuck together. Also another proud moment for her was that they didn’t mind putting in hard work to provide for the family. Some things that she would like to change would be the involvement in gangs and violent behavior. Another change that she would like to make would be the stereotypes associated with them. She stated Hispanics men were viewed as having bandanas wrapped around their head, constantly calling each other â€Å"ese† and all involved in gangs. She stated that the women are seen as always pregnant with 5-10 kids and one on the way. My interviewee felt that the greatest challenge ahead of her culture was getting a higher education. She felt that her culture needed more individuals to go to school and get that Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctorate degree. While conducting this interview I felt very comfortable because the person was a coworker and I was use to associating with Hispanics. Many of the things that were disclosed were not unfamiliar to me because I have associated with this race on a variety of levels. The information obtained helped me further understand this culture. When counseling with students of Hispanic descent it is very useful to know that because respect is very important to them, I would have to gain their trust to be useful. While interviewing my coworker I realize that her culture was very similar to mines. Counseling someone within the Hispanic culture doesn’t seem to pose any problems for me because of this connection. I plan to use my knowledge and ethical conduct where as not to create any biases. How to cite Cultural Interview, Papers Cultural interview Free Essays Adriana was going to react to certain topics/questions and this made me apprehensive about conducting the interview. I was nervous that she might feel vulnerable about her hearing impediment since she is a private individual. She was ridiculed in school and did not have many friends. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural interview or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was unaware if Adriana would avoid questions or become emotional about her childhood. I was also apprehensive about mentioning her nationality and if she felt that she had experienced racism. I remained empathetic and nonjudgmental throughout the entire interview. Adriana is currently a 33-year-old Mexican American left handed female with a hearing disability. She currently has no hearing in her right ear and has only 10% in her left ear. She has two hearing aids and is able to communicate by reading lips, text messaging, and by email. She is not able to communicate utilizing a telephone. She has been bilingual (Spanish and English) since the age of about five. Adriana lost most of hearing at the age of seven because she was afflicted with polio. She mentioned that she was sick for a week and was never hospitalized. She suffered from high fevers and lost the majority of her hearing over the course of a eek. She went from being able to hear the chirping ofa bird to only being able to hear muffled voices! She obtained hearing aids about two weeks after being afflicted with polio. She went through extensive amounts of speech therapy during and outside of the school setting. However, she has always excelled academically in school. She claims that most of the teachers were accommodating and let her sit in the front of the class. However, she did mention that she was ridiculed throughout her grade school years. She claims that her classmates would throw â€Å"spit balls† at her and make fun of her speech impediment. She never lashed out at people and tried to ignore their immature behavior. She mentions that she was lucky to have older brothers that were very protective. Many people felt that she was â€Å"freeloading† because of her Mexican heritage and did not get to know her or even recognize that she was also an American. She mentioned that her parents came to America legally n their green cards) and became Mexican American citizens. Adriana mentioned that she was not popular and only associated with a few friends. She was very emotional during this topic! She would â€Å"tear up† at times because she felt like she was reliving bad memories. She felt like no one could relate to her because no one else had a disability and was a â€Å"minority. † It was also hard for her to realize that her hearing was gradually deteriorating! She currently has a Bachelor’s Degree in Media and the Fine Arts and an Associate’s Degree in Medical Billing and Coding. She is currently working at a doctor’s office part time utilizing her Medical Billing and Coding degree. She does not seem passionate about her Job because she is in a private office (by herself) doing computer coding. She feels excluded because she cannot fulfill the entire Job description. She is only able to complete the paperwork/ omputer portion of her current position. She is unable to communicate by telephone and feels incompetent because of her speech/hearing impediment. She always dreamt about becoming a nurse and wanted to follow in the footsteps of her older siblings. She knew that she would be unable to fulfill her dream because her hearing loss would affect her Job performance. Despite struggling and having a low self esteem, she found a husband that is able to look past her disability. Her body language and tone of voice seemed to change when we were talking about her husband. She seemed to be very comfortable talking about him and was very open bout answering questions. Her face lit up, there was excitement in her answers, and she appeared less tense. She has been married for five years to her husband named Gabriel and resides in Portage, Indiana. She has no children but has two cats and dogs! She constantly has nephews and nieces that spend the night. They refer to her as the â€Å"favorite† aunt. She stated, â€Å"l love spending time with my nieces and nephews, however when I have had enough then I can send them home. † They call her â€Å"Auntie Nana† and she displays their artwork proudly throughout her house and on the refrigerator. Adriana grew up in a single-family household in Whiting, Indiana. Her father was in her life for about seven years. She claims that he cheated on her mother and she kicked him out of the house. Adriana is a middle child of four brothers and sisters. Her mother worked at a nursing home as a Janitor and did not make much money. Her older brother and sister would often look after the younger children when her mother was at work. She was raised Catholic and presently attends church weekly. She grew up in a bilingual and strict household. She was expected to have chores and homework done by the time her mother was home. She still remains close with her family and sees them on a regular basis. I was shocked to find out that she has not spoken to her father for almost a decade. She also confided in me that she has about 15 half brothers/sisters from her father’s â€Å"mistresses. She has emailed four of them and does not know anything about the other siblings. I was also amazed that since she has such a large Mexican family, she only participates in some Mexican traditions. She mentioned that her large, extended family gathers together for birthdays, Cinco de Mayo, and holidays. They typically indulge in Mexican Cuisine, such as: tamales, guacamole, tacos, and flautas. She stated that growing up with a d isability and being Mexican was never easy. Adriana mentioned that she experienced racism when she was younger. She experienced racial profiling and was referred to as a â€Å"Spic. They would ask her if sne nad a green card and it sne was an illegal alien. Her mother’s lower socioeconomic status was reflected in Adriana’s wardrobe. She also mentioned she received free and reduced school lunches. Her classmates ridiculed her for all of these things. She did not socialize with many students and often sat by herself in the cafeteria. She felt alone because of her disability and race. She often felt that eople were making fun of her and talking behind her back. In her current work environment she often feels looked down upon because of her hearing disability. Adriana still has an upbeat personality despite all of the adversities in her life. She views herself as being successful and accomplished. She overcame the odds and went to college and obtained two degrees. She is married, has a Job, and owns a home. She credits much of her success to having a supportive and loving family. Her mother always encouraged and inspired her to pursue her dreams and never treated her differently from any of her other siblings (without disabilities). Adriana was raised with love and discipline. Her mother was never embarrassed to punish her or her siblings in public. They were taught that nothing is free and that they have to work hard for what they have. There are three nurses in her family and each of her siblings has their own homes and Jobs. She did mention that she grew up in a poverty stricken environment. Her mother was on welfare and food stamps throughout the course of her childhood. Her clothing was either from Goodwill and/ or second hand clothing from her older siblings. She lived in a three-bedroom house and shared a room with four of her sisters. As a counselor, I have learned not to have a pre-conceived notion about a client. I have also learned that you cannot Judge a book by its cover. Adriana has overcome many obstacles/hurdles in her life that most people could never imagine. She is legally â€Å"deaf† and has never once given up on pursuing her goals. She mentioned that she is a candidate for the cochlear implant but does not want to undergo the procedure. She assured me that she has learned to adjust her life around her hearing deficit. I have learned that she is not defined by her disability but by her ability! I felt empathetic towards the amount of bullying that she had endured. She was never once vengeful but was saddened that certain individuals could physically and emotionally torment someone. As a counselor, I would advocate for this client by helping her obtain information on disability and social security. Due to her socioeconomic status, transportation may need to be provided for appointments to/from the counseling sessions. I would also provide her with a list of vocational rehabilitation offices to help her obtain information related to employment, assistive technology, and transition services. Other resources that can be valuable to Adriana include a sign language translator and a videophone. I can also provide information on support groups for individuals with hearing disabilities. I feel that she would benefit from individual and family counseling despite having a positive outlook on her scenario. This interview made me realize that someone with a minority/disability can overcome obstacles that seem nonexistent to someone without a disability or a minority. She may have had many struggles throughout her life, but was fortunate to have the support of her mother nd siblings. Even though Adriana is a minority with a disability, she has a positive attitude towards life. She takes everything in stride and does not want sympathy. Adriana has always been successful and seems to excel despite her disability. Overcoming many adversities, sne remains optimistic about ner tuture. She is ag advocate and role model for minorities with a disability. She is a role model to her nieces and nephews. She constantly encourages them to pursue their dreams and a higher education. She does not let her disability limit her lifestyle or outlook on life. How to cite Cultural interview, Papers

The Reality Of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example For Students

The Reality Of Huckleberry Finn Essay Huckleberry Finn is a book that contains elements of romantic and realistic fiction; even though it contains both these elements, it is a book on realistic fiction, and that is how it was written to be. Mark Twain used historical facts and data to make this story realistic, it used situations that would normally happen in the time the novel takes place in. Huckleberry Finns father is a vagrant and a despicable person; his actions are written to how a man of that characteristic would act. Two more characters in this novel also act accordingly; the Duke and the Dauphin. A couple of crooks and frauds who are ill at heart and produce no good at all. A kind man Jim, a black slave at the beginning of this novel, goes through much and many people go through much for him. Of these characters I have just mentioned, Jim is the only considerate one, and the Duke and the Dauphin and Huckleberry Finns father are evil. Huckleberry Finn has no strong feelings for his father except that of resentment. His father abandoned him when he was a child and come backs to town once in a while. His father would beat Huck many times usually because he was drunk. This is not unusual for someone drunk to do if that person is a beater. I used to be scared of him all the time, he tanned me so much. (Twain, p. 25) Besides him beating Huck, his father has put fear into Huck, which is sad, but is realistic. Besides beating Huck, he also scolded him for trying to get an education; he though Huck was trying to become smarter than his father, and he wouldnt have that. Youre educated, too, they say can read and write. You think youre bettern your father, now, dont you, because he cant? Ill take it out of you. (Twain, pg. 26) Not only is Hucks father mean and petty, he is also greedy. Ive been in town two days, and I haint heard nothing but about you bein rich. I heard about it away down the river, too. Thats why I come. You git me that money to-morrow I want it. (Twain, pg. 27)But Hucks father isnt the only greedy character in this play, there are two men that pose as the Duke and the Dauphin (who are obviously not really who they claim to be). These were two men that were frauds, they would scam people out of their money and move along to the next town as swiftly as possible. Occasionally they were, caught, which is quite realistic. Well, Id been selling an article to take the tartar off the teeth and it does take it off, too, and generly the enamel along with it but I stayed about one night longer than I ought to, and was just in the act of sliding out when I ran across you on the trail this side of town, and you told me they were coming, and begged me to help you to get off. So I told you I was expecting trouble myself, and would scatter out with you.' One example of how these men are nobody but a couple of petty thieves. Well, Id ben a-running a little temperance revival thar bout a week, and was the pet of the women folks, big and little, for I was makin it mighty warm for the rummies, I tell you, and takin as much as five or six dollars a night ten cents a head, children and niggers free and business a-growin all the time, when somehow or another a little report got around last night that I had a way of puttin in my time with a private jug on the sly. .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba , .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba .postImageUrl , .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba , .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba:hover , .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba:visited , .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba:active { border:0!important; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba:active , .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1d9b5ce6b645ca8a4c5df3654c68bba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: There are too many people will we survive Essay (Twain, pg. 161)A very noble person does not get the respect he deserved Jim that is. Jim was a very brave, strong, courageous man, and the only person that truly recognizes him is Huck. There is one scene where Huck is questioned about a runaway slave. Most people would have given Jim away really quickly, but Hucks friendship with Jim, and that

US Inventions Electronic Appliances and Transport

Most of the electronic appliances and transport facilities that exist in the modern world originated from America. Although Britain colonized America, it remains the world superpower because of its ability to invent powerful war machineries such as rifles, bombs, war jets and other gadgets.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on US Inventions: Electronic Appliances and Transport Facilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The US is the home of famous ancient scientists who carried out inventions and discoveries especially in the scientific field. Since 1800 up to today, there are a number of discoveries/inventions especially in the medical field. Historically, though colonized, America was a rich nation that had funds and facilities for research for its scientists. Currently, all the modern appliances whether electronic or not are a modification of America’s inventions. In addition, most of music genres like jazz and pop first played in America. The paper therefore seeks to justify that since historical times America has invented various electronics, transport, medical and even entertainment facilities that have dramatically upgraded the lifestyle, health, and culture of all the people in the world. The US ancient inventions are in four major categories, the first category occurred earlier than 1890. The inventions before1890 took place during the Britain’s colonialism. Swim fins were the first inventions by Benjamin Franklin in 1717. Although made of wood, they assisted swimmers to attain speed during sporting or when diving in deep sea. Moreover, he invented the stove and cataloging in 1742 and 1744 respectively, to improve the lighting and mailing systems respectively. In 1731, Thomas Godfrey discovered the octant, which is an important tool in water navigation. One of Franklin’s medical discoveries was the urethral catheter that assists patients especially those w ith kidney failures to drain fluids. In collaboration with Charles James, Franklin invented harmonica, a glass musical instrument. In 1776, a swivel chair came into existence courtesy of Thomas Jefferson while in 1782 Jacob Yoder built a boat to enable him navigate the rivers in America. Additionally, due to his deteriorating vision, Franklin invented bifocals, which could enable him read through magnification of words. In the late 1700, there were more inventions, which included automatic flourmill (1787); Oliver Evans, Eli Whitney Thomas Jefferson respectively, invented cotton wheel (1793), and wheel cipher (1795). The cigarette invention also came up early (Kilborn 1983, 8). Due to existence of colonialists, some of the early inventors had to collaborate with their British counterparts and sometimes the accreditation could go to the Britons and not the Americans.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To curb fire breakouts, Frederick Graff senior invented a fire hydrant, which is an essential tool in firefighting. Through research and upgrading of the original fire hydrant, Birds Holly was able to come up with the current fire hydrant. Oliver Evans did not only invent the first vehicle (amphibious vehicle in 1805) but also invented the refrigeration, therefore, through his ability to compress the air; a modern fridge came into existence. To improve the kitchenware, Robert Thomson Rumford invented the coffee percolate, which he used to prepare coffee. On the other hand, Levi Spear Parmly, a dentist recommended the use of silk floss to clean teeth as away of keeping plague at bay. Through his invention, came the dental floss, which most dentists of the modern times recommend for their patients. To accelerate the number of his word works, Thomas Blanchard invented the profile lathe in 1816 while Simeon North invented a milling machine to assist him in shaping h is metals in 1818. There are many US inventions like the sewing machine, combine harvester, solar compass, graham cracker, detachable collars, threshing machine, the circuit breaker, and the ether for amnesia among others (Philbin 2003, 15). The list of inventions, which occurred before 1890, is endless. Nevertheless all the machinery and technology in the communication, media, music, transport, clothing and medical industries trace back in the first era of invention before 1890. The second category is between 1890 and 1945, which led to improvement of lifestyle and transport facilities. The major inventions by different people in 1890 were the traffic signs to assist in flow of traffic, tabulating machine, which helped in accounting and mathematics, the Babcock test to measure the content of fat in milk, the smock detector and the jack home. In 1891 the inventions included the Ferris wheel by Washington Gale, dow process by Herbert Henry, tesla coil by Nikola Tesla, pastry fork by Anna Mangin, zipper by whitcomb Judson, Schrader valve by August Schrader among others. The bottle cap, tractor and the dimmer were all invented in 1892 by William Painter, Granville woods and John Froelich respectively. Silicon carbide, laxative and radio came into existence in 1893 while clip less pedal, volleyball and cyclocomputer inventions occurred in 1895. Therefore, as the years went by the US scientists invented more machineries, which were an improvement of the previous inventions. Airplane, air conditioners, cars, sporting activities, and other electronic devices were the major inventions in the second phase.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on US Inventions: Electronic Appliances and Transport Facilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, the inventions progressively improved the lifestyle of the American people and other people in the world. Additionally, pop, rock and jazz music or iginated from the US. Fortunately, the inventions of recorders, compact disks, and radio led to the spread of the music in other parts of the world. Unfortunately, the emergence of World War II between 1939 and 1945 slowed down the rate of invention in the United States. The third category is between 1946 and 1991, which saw to the advancement of technology not only in the US but also in the whole world. Planes flying at supersonic speed, diapers, computers, defibrillator, cancer chemotherapy, and video games were among the inventions during the third era. Due to advanced technology, the communication, security, and survival rate especially in children improved. Scientists particularly in the medical field collaborated to cure or put under control diseases like cancer. The final category, which is between 1991 and 2009, has led to the invention of advanced medical tools and facilities in communication and medical industry. The vaccines of diseases like Hepatitis and measles among ot hers came into existence. Furthermore, inventions of laptops, flash disks, advanced medical surgery, or transplantations applied and internet services took place (Hafner 2005, 2). Additionally, the medical scientists established surgery machines and artificial transplant organs like the kidney and the heart. Therefore, the health of people in the current world relies on the American inventions since ancient times to date. The impact of the US inventions is highly profound in the contemporary world. Most of the inventions in one way or another relied on each other, which accelerated more inventions. For instance, the discovery of electricity led to the discovery of electric bulbs, electric trains, cookers, kettles among others. Therefore, the US scientists relied on the intelligence of one another to come up with a new discovery. The scientist involved in the inventions whether ancient or current not only became famous but also received honor from their leaders. For instance, Dr. Ben jamin Franklin is one of the early scientists who modified the medical industry through his creative inventions. Franklin received a number of awards from the president for most of his inventions. Although he died long time ago, his name still exists in the world books as an important figure in the medical industry. The major reason why US has the highest number of inventions is its ability to honor and fund scientists. Currently, the whole world largely depends on the US inventions. The medical, clothes, food, communication, and transport industries depend on the US inventions. Although most of the inventions have undergone modification by scientists from different parts of the world other than US, the idea or inventory traces its roots from the US.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In summary, nearly all inventions are from US while Benjamin Franklin is one of the major inventors in the world. All the industrial and technological machinery or ideas originated from the US. Though colonized by the Britain, America is the top world inventor because it posses nearly all the major inventors in the world. The world perceives all the inventors as celebrities and most of them have received honor and presidential awards. The reason why America is successful in inventions is the ability of government to provide research funds to the scientists. All the machinery in the medical, transport and other industries primarily originated from the US. The only major challenge during the invention was the breakout of the Second World War that decelerated the rate of inventions. Nevertheless, after the war the US inventors did tremendously in their inventions. Reference List Hafner, Katie. 2005. Laurels for Giving the Internet Its Language. The New York  Times (February): 2. Kilb orn, Peter. 1983. The Twilight of smokestack America. New York Times (May): 8. Philbin, Tom. 2003. The 100 Greatest Inventions of All Time. New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation. This research paper on US Inventions: Electronic Appliances and Transport Facilities was written and submitted by user Clarissa Alford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on American Religion

The American Religious Experience In America today we all have choices to make in regards to our religious beliefs. Many young children are brought up today confused about religion and the significance it plays in their lives. There are many sanctions and rules now on what can and can’t be thought or displayed to people on public property, but it wasn’t always like this. In this paper I will be discussing the American religious experience in regards to the impact religion has in the public schools. Since 1776 the United States has grown from a nation of relatively few religious differences to one of countless religious groups. This expanding pluralism challenges the public schools to deal creatively and sensitively with students professing many religions or no religion. The following questions and answers concern religious holidays and public education, a subject often marked by confusion and conflict. Teachers and school officials, as well as parents and students, should approach this discussion as an opportunity to work cooperatively for the sake of good education rather than at cross purposes. School districts developing guidelines about religious holidays will want to base their policies in the shared commitment of respect for individual religious beliefs expressed in the constitutional guarantee of religious liberty. This means that public schools may neither promote nor inhibit religious belief or nonbelief. Drafters of such guidelines also will want to take account of the role of religion in history and culture. Awareness of legal issues is essential in considering religion and public education, but the law does not supply answers to every question. Within the current legal framework, schools-their boards, administrators, teachers, parents, and students-must make many practical decisions regarding religious holidays. This work can be done only by showing sensitivity to the needs of every student and willingn... Free Essays on American Religion Free Essays on American Religion The American Religious Experience In America today we all have choices to make in regards to our religious beliefs. Many young children are brought up today confused about religion and the significance it plays in their lives. There are many sanctions and rules now on what can and can’t be thought or displayed to people on public property, but it wasn’t always like this. In this paper I will be discussing the American religious experience in regards to the impact religion has in the public schools. Since 1776 the United States has grown from a nation of relatively few religious differences to one of countless religious groups. This expanding pluralism challenges the public schools to deal creatively and sensitively with students professing many religions or no religion. The following questions and answers concern religious holidays and public education, a subject often marked by confusion and conflict. Teachers and school officials, as well as parents and students, should approach this discussion as an opportunity to work cooperatively for the sake of good education rather than at cross purposes. School districts developing guidelines about religious holidays will want to base their policies in the shared commitment of respect for individual religious beliefs expressed in the constitutional guarantee of religious liberty. This means that public schools may neither promote nor inhibit religious belief or nonbelief. Drafters of such guidelines also will want to take account of the role of religion in history and culture. Awareness of legal issues is essential in considering religion and public education, but the law does not supply answers to every question. Within the current legal framework, schools-their boards, administrators, teachers, parents, and students-must make many practical decisions regarding religious holidays. This work can be done only by showing sensitivity to the needs of every student and willingn...

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Pathophosiology of sepsis - Essay Example Thus, it is relevant to take control over body temperature, heartbeat and other indicators of a potential threat of sepsis. A presence of two of the following four factors can indicate sepsis: Nowadays the scientists are persuaded by the fact that inflammatory response of septic patients is the result of either immuno-stimulation or immune-suppression. Such kind of cells, as neutrophils remains activated, though other changes in cells can be accelerated in a negative way (Sibbald, Neviere, 2000). Consequently, it is relevant to look for effective means of sepsis treatment. Metabolic changes are present, though they require a scrutinized and detailed monitoring. From this perspective, medical literature outlines that there is no a single mediator/system/pathway/pathogen, triggering the pathophysiology of sepsis. Sepsis is a vicious disease, because it cannot be properly controlled and it is really hard to regulate it or sustain a process of medical treatment of it. The most challenging aspect of the disease is that there is a direct interaction between the cells and infection is transferred from one cell to another. Organ injury is essential and patients suffer much from e xcessive skin inury, immunosuppression and anergy. Moreover, sepsis can lead to the multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) (Sibbald, Neviere, 2000). Therefore, it is relevant to take control over inflammatory processes, when different tissues are subjected to

The Making of a Modern Kingdom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Making of a Modern Kingdom - Essay Example This is why Jordan Anne chose to study changes and globalization in Saudi Arabia. Even though globalization is a universal concept, Jordan focused on Saudi Arabia. In anthropology, a scientist cannot generalize concept because the data used must be empirical and the study must be verifiable. In her case study, Jordan portrays an anthropological overview of Saudi Arabia in the context of globalization. Readers get to understand the characteristics of anthropology by relating the cases study to the importance to the central ideas of anthropology. She describes how Saudi Arabia rose to its current state as a top world player while less than three decades ago, the country had no education system, economic systems, or infrastructure. She discusses the Arabian Peninsula culture and provides a summary of the unique history and geography of these people. Readers learn about the changes in Saudi Arabia such as the shopping malls, traffic jams, and skyscrapers. Additionally, she makes readers understand the modernization process together with its effects on the people and why modernization succeeded. She has provided these in her case study of a mini hospital in Saudi Arabia, education system and the oil industry. Those with little knowledge in anthropology are able to find realistic responses to the perceived situation in Saudi Arabia. The book also provides a multifaceted discussion of political organization, roles of religion, international politics, women positions, the oil industry and the 9/11 impacts to Saudi. The book helps readers understand the applicability of modernity to economic and political anthropology. Jordan provides a good introduction into the field of anthropology as she provides clear case studies with empirical facts to demonstrate findings. After reviewing Jordan’s study and information, it is clear that Saudi Arabia has successfully achieved the title of a modern state. A look at the country’s past economic status reveals major imp rovements. The citizen’s lives have also improved in almost all sectors. This may be attributed to the discovery of oil as the country had limited resources before then. However, Oil is not the only factor that influenced modernity in the country. The country’s formula for modernization included its crucial sectors such as education, politics and the health sector. After the discovery, almost every sector improved including the health sector, education, social and transportation sectors. In 1995, Saudi’s nominal GDP was 503 while in 2005, this increased to 1,153. GDP per capita in 1995 was SR 28,700 and the same increased to 51,000 in 2005. Within the ten year difference, the cost of living only rose by 0.1% from 0.6% to 0.7 %. This also indicates a lack of inflation in the country. These data indicate a steady rising economy, which coincides with modernization and globalization. Globalization has encouraged entrance of new products and foreign traders, which in turn strengthen the financial markets of the country. Saudi Arabia has managed to maintain a sense of confidence and stability for its citizens and external relationships (Jordan 66). These characteristics are rare in the Middle East but the stability has contributed to the country’

Developing an Implementation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developing an Implementation Plan - Essay Example Therefore, it is expected that the care facilities would offer support for the proposed change. It offers a number of benefits to these care institutions. First, it reduces the cost of care. Patient falls require additional care not anticipated by the care facility. It results in longer hospital stay and is resource-intensive. Besides, it will increase the patient turnover, ensuring efficiency of running the institution. There are absolutely no risks posed by the proposed change. In order to obtain an approval from the organization’s administration, these potential benefits will be explained and discussed. It is expected that the organization will adopt the proposal and thus give an approval. Secondly, the proposal will be discussed with the staff. As it is anticipated to reduce the hospital work load, naturally the health care staff will give an approval to the proposal. By increasing the patient turnover, health care staff gets to experience newer experiences in care from a variety of clinical situations. Such a turnover is beneficial to them as it kills monotony. In lieu of the potential benefits expected to be accrued from the proposed change, the proposed solution is likely to get an approval. Currently in the United States, the American Geriatrics Society’s clinical guideline provides a template for fall prevention among the elderly. The strategies adopted by the society include fall risk assessment and the development of incorporating fall prevention strategies into practice. Additionally, it supports continuing medical education to health care providers on risk assessment and how to educe the risk of falls among the elderly. Furthermore, it refers health care providers to evidence-based fall prevention programs (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2014). In states such as Minnesota, policies enshrined in the Minnesota Hospital Association ha developed a policy named SAFE from

Music Intervention as Anxiety and Stress Relief

Music Intervention as Anxiety and Stress Relief Evelyn Neville Music Intervention as Anxiety and Stress Relief during Minor Medical Procedures Introduction This concept analysis will address the anxiety and stress relief effect of music on patients during routine medical procedures. Music can have a calming effect on patients which can greatly reduce the anxiety and stress the patients may be feeling while enduring procedures such as blood draws or IV insertions (Mok Wong, 2003). The anxiety felt by many patients can provide many obstacles throughout the appointment such as the inability to listen effectively due to the inability to focus (Baldwin, 2016), a negative impact on seeking out further medical treatments in the future (Detz, Lopez Sarkar, 2013), and a general increase in muscle tightness, heart rate, blood pressure and respirations (Bandelow, Boerner ,Kasper, Linden, Wittchen Mà ¶ller, 2013). The alleviation of some of this anxiety and stress may have a powerful impact that could contribute to a patients overall health and continue to build a strong foundation for the relationship between the patient and their health care provider. It is significant that the concept of using music for anxiety relief is studied further as this could provide a new involvement for patients in their own healthcare. It could also provide cost effective ways for the healthcare providers to ensure patients are comfortable, are relaxed and walk away feeling better about their relationship with their health care provider. Music is a universal language that we can all relate to and we should use it to our advantage in the medical field. Music has been successfully used to reduce anxiety in dental procedures (Lahmann et al., 2008), the use of music may be a simple and inexpensive way for hospitals, clinics or doctors offices to make the patients experience better and less stressful. It has been found that music may even be have sufficient anxiety and pain relief in postoperative settings that it may be used as a substitute for adverse effect causing opioid medications (Allred, Byers Sole, 2008). Therefore it is significant that health care professionals should attempt to use the benefits of this non-pharmacologic intervention while treating their patients. The specific use of personally chosen music will ensure that the patient feels they have control over the situation and are involved in their own care (Erlang, Nielsen, Hansen Finderup, 2015). Assumptions The underlying assumptions of this concept analysis include that inherently people like music and it can aid in anxiety reduction as shown by lowered blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rates (Bandelow, Boerner, Kasper, Linden, Wittchen Mà ¶ller 2013). It has also been used in therapy and other medical practices such as dentistry to assist patients in coping with stress, pain and anxiety (Lahmann et al., 2008). Even though everyone copes differently with stress, it can be assumed that many people use music to reduce stress for physiological, cognitive and emotional processes (Thoma, La Marca, Bà ¶nnimann, Finkel, Ehlert Nater, 2013) Preview In the following section of this concept analysis the reader will be presented with a review of literature reviews that describe the concept in different disciplines. Using the Walker and Avant (2005) method, the concept analysis will include a discussion of the concept and its attributes, antecedents and consequences. Lastly, Empirical referents will also be discussed. Literature Review The literature review for this concept analysis was done with materials found on the following databases: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), DePaul Library Book Circulation, UptoDate and Google Scholar. The databases were searched between 1990 and 2017, focusing on articles published after 2000. The CINAHL database produced 1 result for nursing theory music, 11,857 results for music, 333 for music anxiety, 1,531 results for generalized anxiety disorder, 61 results for previous pain experience, and 52 results for music procedure. UptoDate was searched for generalized anxiety disorder with an undisclosed amount of total results. Google Scholar produced 908,000 results for music therapy, 46,200 results for music calming, 597,000 results for music preference, 102,000 results for music therapy anxiety reduction, 1,100,000 results for trust anxiety, 268,000 results for nursing theory music, 1,890,000 results for nurse patient relationship, 976,000 results for patient n urse communication long term, 1,990,000 results for music psychology, 749,000 results for music anxiety and 70,400 results by searching music social bonding. Two additional sources were used, 2 books about music found in the DePaul University Library Book Circulation database when searching for music medicine and music philosophy. Music Therapy According to Oxford dictionary music can be defined as vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion (Oxford Dictionary, n.d.). As music is an abstract form of art, it is able to relate the composers and musicians feelings and intention through direct imitation, approximate imitation and symbolization (Cooke, 2001). With this ability to convey emotion and feelings, music is able to stimulate a heightened emotional response from its creators and listeners (Sloboda, 1991), creating a framework for therapists to create an enriched environment through the use of music. Within music therapy the terms music and music therapy have been used interchangeably, this was especially common practice at that time when the profession was not yet established (Horden, 2000). Music in and of itself is defined as the use of music and/or musical elements (sound, rhythm, melody, and harmony) within the music therapy discipline. To describe music therapy the World Federation of Music Therapy goes one step further and defines it as a process designed to facilitate and promote communication, relationships, learning, mobilization, expression, organization and other relevant therapeutic objectives, in order to meet physical, emotional, mental, social and cognitive needs. (Horden, 2000). Music therapy has been used for anxiety reduction in the past including in a study about the effects of music therapy on patients anxiety while undergoing a flexible sigmoidoscopy. The results of this study confirmed that patients who listened to self-selected music tapes during the procedure had significantly decreased scores for State-trait anxiety inventory, heart rates and mean arterial pressures compared to the control group. Within this study it was concluded that music is an effective anxiolitic adjunct for the flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure (Palakanis, DeNobile, Sweeney, Blankenship, 1994). Psychology Music psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the production, creation and perception of music. Within music psychology, music is defined as patterned action in time which appears communicative, complex, generative and representational (Hallam, Cross Thaut, 2009). Music psychology can be applied to individual preferences, arguably due to personality, and the way music is perceived. Studies exploring influence of personality on musical preferences such as the study performed by Stephen J. Dollinger in 1993 have shown that overall personality does have an influence on the types of music individuals prefer. Dollinger, for example, showed that the personality trait openness had a positive correlation to enjoyment of a variety of different kinds of music (Dollinger, 1993). Anxiety has been linked to experiencing additional stressors in childhood, an environmental factor, according to Wiedemann (2013). He points out that personality traits are another factor that can predispose people to experiencing anxiety and how strongly they experience it. Age can also be a factor in the expression of anxiety, with adolescents having a higher incidence rate of anxiety overall (Wiedemann, 2013). Lastly, Wiedeman discusses that anxiety when due to a life event is adaptive, however once the perceived danger passes and the anxious state lasts, this may be due to a pathologic type of anxiety. These anxiety causing events may also cause the patient to experience lasting bouts of anxiety in the future during similar traumatic events (Wiedemann, 2013). Biology Within biology, music can have a neurobiological role. There music is regarded in biological terms as originating in the brain, so that most explanations concentrate on the ways in which brains process information (Freeman, 1998).   As explained by Freeman in his study, music is defined by deeply personal experiences of individuals which are made unique by the separation of information within the brain as it learns more and goes through epistemological solipsism or isolation of uniqueness of knowledge (Freeman, 1998). As sounds pass through the inner ear, along excited sensory neurons into the primary auditory cortex, musical experience is still a neurobiological experience deprived of emotion. However, as explained by Freeman: as the information is processed through neighboring cortical areas concerned with speech and song the information is passed between the newer brain and older part of the forebrain and can generate memories evoked by listening to music, and arouse the em otional states that have become associated with now familiar songs through previous experiences (Freeman 1998). As this information is continuing to pass through the brain, a sense of social bonding is felt by the subject through the perception, creation and sharing of music and dance (Freeman 1998). This social bonding leads to trust, and is related to a social aspect as well as a release of neurochemicals. It is therefore a plausible assumption that music can create neurobiological stimuli that create an environment of bonding and trust building. This can be an important aspect of a patient-nurse/healthcare professional relationship. Lastly, genetics is another factor when discussing anxiety in patients. In recent studies it has been shown that genetics explained about half of the variance when it comes to the predisposition of anxiety in familial cases (Wiedemann, 2013). Concept Maturity This concept has gained some traction within the last few years, especially in other disciplines besides nursing. Dentistry has used music to assist patients during dental exams and procedures for several years and more studies have been done recently in using music to assist in stress and anxiety relief. Generally the concept has been researched in specific instances such as children in the ED receiving IVs or patients receiving a flexible sigmoidoscopy. A longer term study within the nursing discipline needs to be performed to ensure a complete concept analysis can be done. Analysis Defining attributes The defining characteristics that are repeated in the literature include anxiety, music and a positive effect on decreased heart rate. Anxiety encompasses a general feeling of worry and concern about future events which may have an uncertain ending. This can be very well translated to patients worry and fears about medical procedures that may cause them pain and discomfort as well as feeling a lack of knowledge and control over the situation. It has been confirmed that anxiety can manifest itself in things such as increased heart rate, feeling of tightness, and muscle tension (Bandelow, Boerner ,Kasper, Linden, Wittchen Mà ¶ller 2013). The effect of music on heart rate as a relaxation technique has been studied in a clinical setting. It has been proven that a patients preferred music can have a positive effect on lowering the heart rate post procedure (Vaajoki, Kankkunen, Pietilà ¤ Vehvilà ¤inen-Julkunen, 2011). The heart rate is defined as a clinical value measured as a full heart contraction for the duration of a full minute. The ability to lower heart rate allows us to empirically measure the effects of music on the patients during and after their procedures. The patient will have sole control over their choice of music in this concept. Giving the patient the ability to control the type of music has also shown to provide patients with a sense of choice and involvement in the procedure (Erlang, Nielsen, Hansen Finderup, 2015). The musical choices of the patients will be songs played by instruments that are kept in a key with harmonies and rhythm. The patient has full control over the genre of music which may include rock, classical, pop and acoustic. Antecedents Most adult patients will have previously experienced a blood draw and therefore will know what to expect. This knowledge may range from a feeling of impending doom and anxiety over the pain and discomfort they may experience. Though blood draws may not always be painful, previous experiences influence a patients expectations and can translate into higher anxiety and stress when the previous experience was negative (Reicherts, Gerdes, Pauli Wieser, 2016). The travel to the medical facility and the identification of music to be played are also antecedents to the impending procedure. Consequences Consequences of the attempt to relieve anxiety during a blood draw can include a positive experience due to relieved anxiety as well as improved rapport with the nurse or other health care professional which will result in return of the patient for future screenings and preventative care (Detz, Lopez, Sarkar, 2013) . This in turn will result in the patient seeking out healthier long term behavior as well as a decrease in emergency service use (Weiss Blustein, 1996). Additionally, the patient may feel more relaxed and not tense up as much making the nurses job to perform the blood draw much easier. As illustrated in a study by Hartling, Newton, Liang, Jou, Hewson, Klassen and Curtis (2013) a significant amount of health care providers reported that it was easier to perform IV placement on children admitted into the Emergency Department who listened to music than those who were not listening to music. It was also noted that the health care providers were happier with the placement whe n patients were listening to music than if they were not (Hartling et al., 2013) The opposite experience may also occur, creating a negative consequence. The patient may not have found the music they wanted to listen to and may have not experienced anxiety relief during the blood draw. If the nurse was unsuccessful in performing the blood draw by having to start over, puncturing or fishing for the vein resulting in pain, the patient may reflect on this being a bad experience and will not want to return and may even feel the relationship with the nurse has been damaged which may result in the patient not seeking out medical care in the future. Empirical Referents The attribute of anxiety can be measured through a number of Anxiety scales such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder seven-item scale (GAD-7) or The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Baldwin, 2016). These measurements can be done before and after the procedure, as well as across a population of patients who did listen to music as well as those that did not. A similar comparison between heart rate, blood pressure and respiration rate should be done for everyone involved in the study. A general Patient Satisfaction Survey may also be done for all patients to get an overall sense of the experience and to ask specifics on the patient-nurse relationship after the procedure. A study that may be emulated can include the study performed by Hartling et al. (2013) which looked at pediatric patients response to having music played while having an IV placed in an Emergency Department setting. Within the study an Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised was used to measure behavioral distress, as well as child-reported pain, heart rate and parent and health care provider satisfaction, ease of performing procedure and parental anxiety were measured. This takes into account a variety of different types of data (qualitative vs. quantitative) while measuring success from more than 1 angle. Nursing Application The following two cases will outline how anxiety can lead to a positive and negative experience while experiencing a blood draw. The model case will show a positive experience of how music is able to reduce anxiety while the contrary case will portray a case in which anxiety is high for the patient. Model Case Jane Doe is coming in for a routine physical with the instruction of fasting as she will have blood drawn for a routine blood panel. Jane has an established rapport with the doctors office she is attending including the nurse who will be performing the blood draw today. Since Jane has had good experiences with this nurse before she is feeling calm prior to her appointment; she knows what to expect. When the nurse arrives she explains that they have added a new feature of having music played while the blood is being drawn. She is given a tablet with a music app where Jane is able to choose what music she would like to listen to. This gives Jane a sense of control and involvement in the situation and feels she can relax while the nurse is drawing her blood. As Jane relaxes the nurse is able to easily insert the needle and draw the blood quickly on her first attempt. Janes ability to relax her muscles and lowered anxiety ensured that she would not flinch and potentially disrupt the bloo d drawing process. After the appointment Jane leaves happy with the interaction with the nurse and feels the music helped in keeping her anxiety at bay in a natural way reinforcing her positive view of this doctors office. Contrary Case Jane Doe is coming in for a routine physical with the instruction of fasting as she will have blood drawn for a routine blood panel. Jane has never been to this doctors office before and is feeling some anxiety about this new environment. As the nurse gets ready to perform the blood draw, Janes anxiety intensifies as she recalls previous needle sticks. She feels as though she has no control over the situation and is starting to tense up as the nurse begins prepping her arm. The nurse is unable to accurately place the needle into the vein and has to start over. Jane is now feeling more anxious than ever as the first attempt was very painful and now the nurse will attempt to reinsert the needle again. After the appointment, Jane leaves the office not being confident in the ability of the nurse nor her desire to want to continue making appointments with this doctors office. Discussion and Conclusion The purpose of this concept analysis was to analyze the effects of music on patient anxiety during blood draws.   Through the lens of music therapy, psychology and biology it is concluded that music may act as a cost effective and non pharmacological solution to anxiety reduction while also improving patient-nurse relationships and encouraging patients to further seek medical intervention and preventative care in the future. Musical intervention may even encourage patients to seek a more long-term relationship with their nurse or other Healthcare provider which will ensure better health outcomes in their lifetimes. A practical application of this concept would be a very real possibility at the Japanese American Service Committee. Here, older adults are provided with a place to go while their families are at work to provide a stimulating environment as well as ensuring they are safe. Most of the clients suffer from some type of age related difficulties in performing activities of daily living effectively and on their own. Some may have dementia while others are no longer able to ambulate safely on their own without an assistive ambulation device. Though JASC does have a nurse on staff, they do not have a need to perform blood draws, though the use of music may come in handy while giving vaccines or administering other types of injection medications. Often clients become anxious towards the end of the day as they worry they will not make it home or that their families have forgotten them. The use of music may be a simple and cost effective way for JASC to engage the clients while reducing their worry. The care takers may also teach the clients about the use of music during stressful medical procedures as many of the clients do see their doctors quite often. The education may also be given to the clients families who may be able to put the concept into use and therefore assist in making these doctors visits less stressful for everyone. Implications for further research include a more comprehensive study across all ages, genders, settings, socioeconomic and insurance status, various procedures and patients who are predisposed to anxiety disorders. There are many factors that can influence a patients anxiety level and it is important to distinguish between musics effectives versus a persons inability to effectively deal with anxiety. References   Ã‚   Allred, K. D., Byers, J. F., Sole, M. L. (2010). The Effect of Music on Postoperative Pain and Anxiety. Pain Management Nursing, 11(1), 15-25. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2008.12.002 Baldwin, D. (2016). Generalized anxiety disorder in adults: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis. In M.B. Stein R. Hermann (Eds.). UptoDate. Available from https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.depaul.edu/contents/generalized-anxiety-disorder-in-adults-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-course-assessment-and-diagnosis?source=search_resultsearch=generalized%20anxiety%20disorder%20diagnosisselectedTitle=1~128 Bandelow, B., Boerner, J. R., Kasper, S., Linden, M., Wittchen, H. U., Moeller, H. J. (2013). The diagnosis and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Deutsches Aerzteblatt International, 110(17), 300-309. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0300 Cooke, D. (2001). The language of music. London: Oxford University Press. Detz, A., Là ³pez, A., Sarkar, U. (2013). Long-Term Doctor-Patient Relationships: Patient Perspective From Online Reviews. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(7). doi:10.2196/jmir.2552 Dollinger, S. J. (1993). Research Note: Personality and Music Preference: Extraversion and Excitement Seeking or Openness to Experience? Psychology of Music, 21(1), 73-77. doi:10.1177/030573569302100105 Erlang, A. S., Nielsen, I. H., Hansen, H. O., Finderup, J. (2015). Patients Experiences Of Involvement In Choice Of Dialysis Mode. Journal of Renal Care, 41(4), 260-267. doi:10.1111/jorc.12141 Freeman, W. J. (1998). A neurobiological role of music on social bonding. In N. Wallin, B. Merkur, S. Brown   (Eds.), The Origins of Music. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Hallam, S., Cross, I., Thaut, M. (2016). The Oxford handbook of music psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hartling, L., Newton, A. S., Liang, Y., Jou, H., Hewson, K., Klassen, T. P., Curtis, S. (2013). Music to Reduce Pain and Distress in the Pediatric Emergency Department. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(9), 826. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.200 Horden, P. (2014). Music as medicine: the history of music therapy since antiquity. Aldershot: Ashgate. Lahmann, C., Schoen, R., Henningsen, P., Ronel, J., Muehlbacher, M., Loew, T., . . . Doering, S. (2008). Brief Relaxation Versus Music Distraction in the Treatment of Dental Anxiety. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 139(3), 317-324. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0161 Mok, E., Wong, K. (n.d.). Effects of Music on Patient Anxiety. Aorn Journal, 77(2), 396-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092(06)61207-6 Palakanis, K. C., Denobile, J. W., Sweeney, B. W., Blankenship, C. L. (1994). Effect of music therapy on state anxiety in patients undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy. Diseases of the Colon Rectum, 37(5), 478-481. doi:10.1007/bf02076195 Reicherts, P., Gerdes, A. B., Pauli, P., Wieser, M. J. (2016). Psychological Placebo and Nocebo Effects on Pain Rely on Expectation and Previous Experience. The Journal of Pain, 17(2), 203-214. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.10.010 Sloboda, J. A. (1991). Music Structure and Emotional Response: Some Empirical Findings. Psychology of Music, 19(2), 110-120. doi:10.1177/0305735691192002 Thoma, M. V., Marca, R. L., Brà ¶nnimann, R., Finkel, L., Ehlert, U., Nater, U. M. (2013). The Effect of Music on the Human Stress Response. PLoS ONE, 8(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070156 Vaajoki, A., Kankkunen, P., Pietilà ¤, A., Vehvilà ¤inen-Julkunen, K. (2011). Music as a nursing intervention: Effects of music listening on blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate in abdominal surgery patients. Nursing Health Sciences, 13(4), 412-418. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2011.00633.x Weiss, L. J., Blustein, J. (1996). Faithful patients: the effect of long-term physician-patient relationships on the costs and use of health care by older Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 86(12), 1742-1747. doi:10.2105/ajph.86.12.1742 Wiedemann, K. (2015). Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders. In International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 804-810). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in

Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditionally, Native American Literature has been an oral genre. Although Native American Literature was the first American literature created, it has been the last to be recognized -and, to some extent, is still waiting for full recognition (www.usc.edu). With the Indian being forced to assimilate, their literature was forced to take on a written form. Although the traditional way of storytelling has changed, Native American Literature has survived. In it's written form, it is being shared with a larger population. Black Elk Speaks (Neihardt 1932) and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven (Alexie 1993) are two Native American works of literature that have gained recognition. Although they are similar in that they tell the Native American experience, they are also different in that they tell the experience from different times in history.    Both books tell the story of the Native American's day-to-day struggles. Black Elk Speaks tells of the Indians struggles during the middle '80s of the 19th century. The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven tells the modern day struggles of the Indian. Although the books are written at different times in history, they still tell of the prejudice, disease, poverty and day-to-day struggle the Native American faces in the attempt to live in two worlds. In Black Elk Speaks the Indians were fighting to survive and keep their land. The white man (Wasichus) took away the Indian's land, brought in diseases, and killed their men, women and children. Although the Indians during this period in history suffered a great loss, they did manage to survive.    Sherman Alexie tells of the Indian... ...ght in Heaven. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. Kirkus Reviews. "Amazon.com: Editorial Reviews: The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven." 1 July 1993. < obidos exec www.amazon.com> Ts/book-reviews>. "Native American Literature." 10 October 2000. < isd www.usc.edu> archives/ethnicstudies/Indian_lit.html>. Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Ogalala Sioux. New York: William Morrow, 1932. Walker, Jr., Theodore. "Vine Deloria, Jr. on the authenticity of Black Elk Speaks." 24 March 1997 <http://www.smu.edu/~twalker/blkelk0.htm>. 10/23/00. Whitson, Kathy J. Native American Literatures: An Encyclopedia of Works, Characters, Authors, and Themes. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 1999. Young Adults Books. Rev. of The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. 11 March 1996. .       Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditionally, Native American Literature has been an oral genre. Although Native American Literature was the first American literature created, it has been the last to be recognized -and, to some extent, is still waiting for full recognition (www.usc.edu). With the Indian being forced to assimilate, their literature was forced to take on a written form. Although the traditional way of storytelling has changed, Native American Literature has survived. In it's written form, it is being shared with a larger population. Black Elk Speaks (Neihardt 1932) and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven (Alexie 1993) are two Native American works of literature that have gained recognition. Although they are similar in that they tell the Native American experience, they are also different in that they tell the experience from different times in history.    Both books tell the story of the Native American's day-to-day struggles. Black Elk Speaks tells of the Indians struggles during the middle '80s of the 19th century. The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven tells the modern day struggles of the Indian. Although the books are written at different times in history, they still tell of the prejudice, disease, poverty and day-to-day struggle the Native American faces in the attempt to live in two worlds. In Black Elk Speaks the Indians were fighting to survive and keep their land. The white man (Wasichus) took away the Indian's land, brought in diseases, and killed their men, women and children. Although the Indians during this period in history suffered a great loss, they did manage to survive.    Sherman Alexie tells of the Indian... ...ght in Heaven. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. Kirkus Reviews. "Amazon.com: Editorial Reviews: The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven." 1 July 1993. < obidos exec www.amazon.com> Ts/book-reviews>. "Native American Literature." 10 October 2000. < isd www.usc.edu> archives/ethnicstudies/Indian_lit.html>. Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Ogalala Sioux. New York: William Morrow, 1932. Walker, Jr., Theodore. "Vine Deloria, Jr. on the authenticity of Black Elk Speaks." 24 March 1997 <http://www.smu.edu/~twalker/blkelk0.htm>. 10/23/00. Whitson, Kathy J. Native American Literatures: An Encyclopedia of Works, Characters, Authors, and Themes. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 1999. Young Adults Books. Rev. of The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. 11 March 1996. .      

Challenges for Poverty Reduction in Malaysia Essay

One of the challenges for poverty reduction in Malaysia is migrant worker’s issue. The current development policies of Malaysia are influenced by globalisation and liberalization which leads to the implications on activities related to poverty. The decrease in employment opportunities affects the urban poor and migrant workers. The demand for skilled human resources in capital intensive activities are huge since Malaysia is restructuring its economy. An increase in the number of overseas employees has caused a bad effect towards the IOP in the post world repercussion of 2008. The contribution of overseas employees for local economy, remittance for their country origin, expected competition in the local labor market between local and migrant workers and the potential of massive amount of overseas labours contribute to major concerns about the issue. Ethnic issues would be the second challenge for poverty reduction in Malaysia due to the educational and achievements of Bumiputera students in major disciplines of the economy are lower than the non Bumiputera students. This led to an academic lacuna between the two sectors. Turmoil between ethnic groups would become worse if the policy makers refuse to create promising agreements. Therefore, the expected gap between poor and non poor will be widened. The Malays are dominant in the rural poverty which reminded the policy makers to figure out the national level concept of poverty. NEP 2010 poverty eradication is mainly focused on Malay rural population. The third challenge of poverty reduction in Malaysia is rural and urban poor with more than half of the family units are poor, rural and urban poor poverty have constantly been identified as a problem confined to rural. The effects of poverty are devastating among urban communities as most of the new poor family units are settled in urban areas. Innovative strategies and policies should be implemented with strong responsibility in programs planning and inner city development expenses allocation are required.

The Lives of Jesus Christ and Mohammed

The Lives of Jesus Christ and Mohammed Free Online Research Papers According to world religious statistics, of the monotheistic religions 33 percent of the world are Christians; and 21 percent of the world are Muslims. (Bruce, 2006) Combined, this means over half of the world’s population is either Christians who are followers of Jesus, or Muslims who are followers of Mohammed. In order to fully grasp the diversity and development of Christianity and Islam we must investigate factors: the life and ministry of Jesus and Mohammed, the impact both men’s death had on their religion, the way each man was and is worshipped, and the way their religion is spreading around the world today. The Historical Life of Jesus As stated before, the founder of Christianity was Jesus Christ. The actual name â€Å"Jesus† derives from the Greek form of the Hebrew word Joshua (pronounced Yah-shu-ah), which means â€Å"savior†. The title of â€Å"Christ† derives from the Greek form of the Hebrew word Messiah (pronounced Meh-siy-ah), which means the â€Å"anointed one†. (ReligionFacts, 2004) According to the New Testament Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Jesus’ conception was around 4 CE and was immaculate due to the fact that Mary, Jesus’ mother, and her fiancà © Joseph had never had sexual relations. This virgin conception was the first of many signs that indicated Jesus was an anointed Jewish leader. Concluding the scriptures about Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem there is little information about his early life until he was about 12-years of age. The Gospel of Luke accounts for only Jesus wandering off into a temple to discuss religion. This is the only account documented Jesus’ early life until he was baptized at age 30. The baptism was a sign of Jesus becoming a divine being. (ReligionFacts, 2004) Concluding the baptism, Jesus selected 12 disciples, or followers, who would learn from him and witness events of the next three years. Recorded throughout the New Testaments, Jesus preformed miracles which include turning water into wine, walking on water, cursing a fig tree, healing the sick, multiplying a small meal to feed a large crowd, casting demons out of people, and raising the dead back to life. (Davis, 1999) The main message of Jesus Christ concentrated primarily on the importance of love, kindness, and the kingdom of God. He taught through parables or â€Å"stories†; giving examples of situations where people are enlightened about the love of God. Through these parables Jesus condemned the pride and hypocrisy of Jewish leaders. Although his teachings were based upon Jewish principles, they were more focused on the grace God bestows rather the wrath of God. Through this Jesus ’popularity expanded, but his reputation ignited opposition from religious leaders. (ReligionFacts, 2004) Near the end of Jesus’ three year ministry he predicted his betrayal and death at the historical event at the â€Å"Last Supper†, which took place the night before his death. Jesus was betrayed by one of his followers, Judas Iscariot, for 30 pieces of silver. Jesus was brought before and questioned by the Jewish chief priests. The questioning of Jesus led to him being sentenced to death for being blasphemous. Jesus was viciously flogged and executed by crucifixion, which is a slow and painful death by asphyxiation. (Davis, 1999) At the end of his death, Jesus’ body was taken down from the cross to a tomb blocked by a large rock. Three days following Jesus’ death, devote followers of Jesus went the grave to anoint his body with oils and spices. Upon their arrival they find the large rock had been moved and the tomb was empty. (Davis, 1999) The belief is that Jesus rose from the dead, made several appearances to his followers, and then ascended into heave. The resurrection of Jesus Christ is the central focus and belief of the church today because it is believed that the act of dying on the cross and rising from the dead makes it possible for people to have peace with God in this life and meet a favorable end in the next. (Davis, 1999) The Historical Life of Mohammed As mentioned before, Mohammed is the founder of Islam. The name of Mohammed translated from ancient Arabic means â€Å"highly praised†. Mohammed was born in 570 CE in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. By the age of six he had lost both of his parents and was raised by his uncle who was a shepherd. Throughout his childhood Mohammed worked as a shepherd with his uncle in Syria. When he became a young man, Mohammed worked between Syria and Saudi Arabia as a camel driver. This traveling experience allowed him to learn about different cultures and religions. (ReligionFacts, 2004) After the death of his uncle, and upon turning 25 years of age, Mohammed married a wealthy woman named Khadija, a woman 15 years older. Over the next several years Mohammed visited a cave in Mount Hira where he went to think. He began to have visions and visitations from the Angel Gabriel, enlightening him on spiritual truths and telling him that he was chosen to be a prophet. Following these meetings Mohammed shared them with Khadija, who is considered the first convert it Islam. (ReligionFacts, 2004) Mohammed then began to share the message of immorality, materialism, repentance, and worshipping Allah, the only true God. Mohammed never claimed to be anything else but a prophet; nor did he perform miracles. Within the first three years of his ministry, Mohammed gained 40 followers. (ReligionFacts, 2004) Mohammed’s teachings were not immediately accepted because they threatened the countrymen’s moral and economic way of life. The teacher and followers endured much persecution, violence and imprisonment. Mohammed had to escape the city of Mecca secretly and was almost captured in the process. News spread of the leader’s troubles when a city called Yathrib declared their conversion to Mohammed’s teachings if he would become their leader. His arrival to Yathrib has become a religious celebration known to Muslims as Hijira; and the name of the city Yathrib changed to the Medina. (Boyce, 2003) Mohammed displayed himself as a capable leader and prophet in Medina. An example of Mohammed’s competent leadership was evident in the resolution and peace of five conflicting tribes living within the city. This single act caused his reputation to spread and attract more followers. (Boyce, 2003) Mohammed and the city of Medina began to fight with the city of Mecca. Each victory over the city of Mecca was considered a sign from God because Mecca’s army was much larger than Medina’s army. Finally, in 630 CE Mohammed and Medina defeated the city of Mecca. The city and the Ka’ba temple were dedicated to Allah, which caused the entire city of Mecca to convert to Islam. Two years after the victory at Mecca, Mohammed died. There are many different speculations about his death. Following his death Abu Bkr, a close friend and follower, declared that Mohammed was the last prophet of Allah. (Boyce, 2003) The Impact of the Death of Jesus and Mohammed The fact that Jesus foretold the coming of his death adds great strength and power to his ministry. The death and resurrection of Jesus Christ had several effects on Christianity: a sign that a prophet was martyred, a divine plan of salvation, and an act of redemption. Christian followers see the death of Christ as a heartbreaking but necessary feat in order for there to be atonement between mankind and God. From this develops a positive act of God which â€Å"expiated the sins of the world†. However, the resurrection of Jesus also displays hope for all. (Hall) Concluding the death of Mohammed the Muslim followers believed in spreading their faith by the sword. Islam became a fighting religion that conquered other Arab tribes and beyond in the name of Mohammed and Allah. This in itself is an example that the Muslim followers did not retain the message of Mohammed. (Islam: The History of Spreading) Although both deaths of these great men are tragic it is obvious that the prediction, death, and resurrection has had a more peaceful impact then the unexpected death. The Muslim followers were taught by their prophet conversion under aggression. Whereas, Christian followers were taught conversion was a choice. Another powerful comparison between the two men is their remains. Mohammed’s remains are in a mosque courtyard in Medina, Saudi Arabia; the physical remains of Jesus Christ are no longer in the tomb were he was placed after death. The Ways of Worship These two religions may have had different founders, but the methods of worship are quite similar. Both religions require: declaring that there is only one, true God and that their prophet is a messenger from God: prayer and communication to God: giving a portion of ones salary to either the poor or to the place of worship: the specified times of fasting and how to fast: the celebration of religious holidays: and the meeting at a religious place for hearing the scriptures and sermons. The way that these two religions differ is that Christianity encourages the habitual celebration of the â€Å"Lords Supper† or communion. This is a symbolic act of eating bread and drinking wine (or substitutes) as a sign of remembrance of the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Christianity encourages inspirational psalms and hymns of worship along with the recognized religious holidays. Islam requires a Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia at least once in a lifetime. This religion strongly encourages a specified modes dress code; especially for women. Islam forbids the consumption of alcohol or pork and does not encourage music or singing for religious purposes. Their Message Being Carried Out Today What many may not know about Islam is that if a Muslim leads another into the conversion of Islam they are guaranteed entrance into heaven. With this information one would think that Islamic conversion is quite forceful. This is not the case. There are specified conversion centers where non-Muslims may attend to ask questions and find out information. Pamphlets and books are distributed to non-Muslims; yet, it is not of Muslim etiquette to question others in their beliefs. Yet, being Muslim is not necessarily a choice but a matter of birth. If a father is Muslim then the children are born Muslim. However, conversion out of Islam is punishable by death; the killer will be justified and never step foot into a prison. This is quite different from Christianity. Conversion to or out of Christianity is ones choice. A former Christian will be shunned or â€Å"excommunicated† for their decision. The same is said for a child who may be born into a Christian family, but this does not technically make him/her Christian. The child becomes a Christian when they profess Christianity as their own. Christians do not believe that leading others into the conversion of Christianity will gain them passage into heaven. However, Christians are quite aggressive on missionary outreaches. They are firm believers of going to unconverted areas to preach and share their faith. Conclusion Albert Einstein said â€Å"True religion is real living; living with all one’s soul, with all one’s goodness and righteousness.† (Petrie) The message that both Jesus and Mohammed preached was of a relationship and obedience towards God. Over the years it is apparent that the religions have made room for personal interpretations, which has caused the branching off of new denominations or sects. The point that everyone seems to miss is that â€Å"true religion is real living†. Religion is an individual choice that should not be made out of fear, pressure or aggression; but out of awe and reverence towards God. Research Papers on The Lives of Jesus Christ and MohammedComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementBringing Democracy to AfricaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentDefinition of Export QuotasArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)